Q1: Explain different embedded microcontroller cores.
The core of the embedded system Fall into any one of the following categories: * general purpose and domain-specific processor
- micro-processor
- micro-controller.
- Digital signal process
programmable logic devices
- Application-specific integrated CKT
- commercial off-the-shelf components
*General purpose 8 domain-specific processors Almost 80% of embedded systems are processor- and controller-based.
The processor may be an up or a uc or dsp, depending on the domain application.
micro-processor-
A silicon chip represents a central processing unit that is capable of performing unitmatics as well as logical operation according to a predefined set of instructions that are specific to the manufacturing process.
In general, the CPU contains the arithmatic and logical units, control unit, and working register.
micro controller
A highly integrated silicon chip containing a CPU scratch pad, a special multi-purpose register array, on-chip pom/flash memory for program storage, a interrupt control unit, and dedicated I/O ports
A microcontroller can be considered a super set of up Microcontrollers are cheap. cost-effective and readily available in the market.
General-purpose processor:
general purpose processor task signed GPP is a general competitive GPP that is produced in large volumes, thereby reaching the general market due to the high volume production.
* Appl specific instruction set processor:
As a processor with architecture and instructions optimized for specific domain requirements, like network processing, automotive telecom, media applications, digital signage processing, ASIPS incorporates processors of on-chip peripherals demanded by the application requirements program of data memory.
Q2: Write a short note on embedded system memory.
Memory is an important part of an embedded system. The memory used in an embedded system can be either program storage memory or memory data memory. Store the program instructions.
masked Rom
one-time programmable memory
use hardware technology for storage deta
The primary storage of NRom is low-cost for high-volume production.
ROM is the least expensive type of field state memory.
Masked ROM, a type of read-only memory (ROM), is crafted during manufacturing with its data permanently encoded. Unlike programmable memories, such as PROM or EPROM, users cannot modify the data post-fabrication. The content is fixed and unalterable after the manufacturing stage, making it suitable for large-scale production where identical copies are needed. Masked ROMs find use in applications like consumer electronics and gaming consoles. While cost-effective for mass production, their lack of flexibility in data changes has led to the emergence of more adaptable memory technologies like Flash and EEPROM.
Programmable Read only memory (prom)
It is not preprogrammed by the manufacturers.
The end user is responsible for programming those devices.
It is a low-cost solution for commercial production. Totes cannot be reprogrammed.
It has 4k byte of reprogrammable Flash memory.
It supported a three-level program, Meminy It is a bit of address bus and 64b of RAM (random access memory) and pom (read-only memory).
Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM) is a non-volatile memory that users can program once using a PROM programmer. Once programmed, the stored data remains unchanged even when power is off. Despite being called "read-only," it is programmable, but the content becomes fixed after programming. PROM is historically used for storing firmware, boot code, and critical data in electronic devices. It offers simplicity, reliability, and cost-effectiveness, but its one-time programmability limitation led to the development of more versatile programmable memory types like EPROM and EEPROM.
PIC peripheral interface control :
Flash memory (program memory, program
(using MPLAB device): Inbuild serial interface; GRAM (data memory); allow serial program
EEPROM memory (programmable at runtime)
sleep mode (power saving)
Watching timer/
Various crystals for PC oscillator configurations or external locks.
B power on reset; inbuild ADC
The microcontroller family created by Microchip Technology is usually referred to as the peripheral interface controller (PIC) family. These microcontrollers' adaptability, integrated peripherals, and simplicity of usage make them popular choices for embedded systems and other applications. Reprogrammable Flash memory, integrated peripherals like communication interfaces and timers, low-power alternatives, and several families to meet varied application needs are some of the key features. PIC microcontrollers are widely used in the automobile manufacturing, electronics for consumers, and medical device industries. Microchip offers a variety of development tools and community support for these microcontrollers.
AUR
32x8 general working purpose registers. 321 byte of in-system self-programmable
Flash memory is program memory.
2k byte of intenal GRAM.
Tiney
Mega
X-Mega
