1) Define embedded systems and explain the components of an embedded system.
Embedded system:
An embedded system is a device or system that is designed to do any specific task repeatedly.
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Fig. Block Diagram: Hardware Arch of the Embed System
CPU: The main part of the embedded system may be up, UC, or DSP, depending on the application.
Input device: very limited, small keypad. or buttons
Memory—embedded software is called software stored in a ROM.When forced, this firmware is loaded. An RAM is very limited.
memory, extemal memory.
OIP device: LED's, LCDs, or alarms
Communication Interface: To communicate with other systems or PG PS232, RS485, USB Ethernet, PCF, I2C, and SPI Bluetooth Protocol are there.
Application-specific circuitry! extenal sensor or transducers, commercial ckt.
2) Explain the classification of embedded systems.
•Stand alone:-
*They just take the i/p from the sensor process, then make the o/p.
embedded system used in process control; automobile consumer electronic falls into this category.
•Mobile
*Mobile phones and PDAS smart phones fall in the mobile category.
•Network:
embedded system in which some specific work is to be done in a specific time period
*Embedded systems that are provided with a network interface and accessed by the network fall under this code.
e.g., CCTV camera, web camera
• Real time:
embedded system in which some specific
work has to be done in a specific time
Periods are called real-time systems.
e.g., automation industry, industry launch systems
•small scale.
•medium scale.
•single Functioned
•Tightly constrained
03: Explain the concept of a real-time embedded system.
→ Real-time systems are those that work within strict time constraints and provide a worst-case time estimate for an actual situation.
embedded system provides a specific fan in a much larger system.
When there is an embedded component in a real-time system, it is known as a real-time embedded system.
*Type of real-time embedded system:
There are primarily two types of real-time embedded systems.
ie: hand and soft
Hard real-time embedded system
This type of system makes sure that all critical processes are completed within the given frame. This means that all the delays in the system are strictly timed. Also, there is little to no secondo memory and data 16 stored in short-term memory or RAM. Hard real-time systems are used in various areas, such as missiles, airplanes, etc.
Soft real-time embedded system:
There are much less constrictive hard real-time systems, but the basic premise is the same, i.e., critical processes need to be performed within the given frame. Frame can be a little flexible. Soft real-time systems are used in various areas, such as multimedia, scientific projects, etc.
Application of a real-time embedded system
• There are various applications for real-time embedded systems.
• Vehicle control system for automobiles, ships, railway airplanes, etc.
• Telephones, radio, and satellite communication
• Medical system for radiation therapy, heart treatment, patient monitoring, etc. system with artificial intelligence and robotics multimedia system that provides graphic video, audio, and text interface
• Building control system that measures heat, doors, elevators, etc.
Explain the characteristic of embedded systems.
Characteristic of the emb system.
It has to do a very specific task.
IF has very limited resources, particularly secondary storage.
It has to work against the game deadline. The embedded systems are constrained for power, so power consumption should be low.
They have to be highly reliable.
Some embedded systems have to work in extreme conditions, such as very high, low-humidity pressure,
Advantages of embedded systems:
They are highly reliable.
They were required rated in order to be battery operated with less power.
They have a small size. Portable
Loss is low.
They have performance.
Explain embedded system design flow.
often measured in bytes for software, gates, or transistors. For nie
Performance: The execution time of the system. Power: the necessary quantity of power. It must be as low as is feasible for the system.
Flexibility: software is typically considered very flexible.
Correctness: The working of a system is functionally correct or not.
Safety: The probability that the system will not cause harm There Time to market time includes design time, manufacturing time, and testing.
time NRE cost: the one- The rone time mandetary cost of designing the system.
Unit Cost: The mandetary cost of manufacturing each copy of the system, excluding NRE Cost
Advantages
Design and Efficiency: The central processing core in an embedded system is generally less complicated, making it easier to design. The limited Function required of embedded system allows them to design to most efficiently perform their fun
cost: The streamline make-up of most embedded systems allows their parts to be smaller and less expensive to produce.
Maintenance: Embedded systems are easier to maintain because the supplied power is embedded in the system and does not require remote maintenance.
Redundancies: An embedded system does not involve redundant programming.
Disadvantages:
Issues of scalability Because it is difficult to change configuration, an embedded system cannot be easily scaled up as demand increases.
Change
limitations of hardware:
With a limited memory. or computing capability in most embedded systems, there is always a limitation.
